"""

John Rachlin
DS 2000: Intro to Programming with Data

Filename: lol
    
Description: 

    
"""


#%% Tuples:  Lists that can't be changed

T = (1, 2, 3)
T[0]
#T[1] = 99 # Not allowed

# We could also say:
    
a, b, c = 1, 2, 3
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)


# How we swap values in other languages

x = 'hello'
y = 'world'
print(x, y)

temp = x
x = y
y = temp

print(x, y)

# How we swap values in python
# Lets restore x and y back to their original values 

x, y = y, x

print(x, y)

#%%
# Why tuples?
# Sometimes you want a function to return multiple values

def min_avg_max(L):
    """ Return the minimum, average, and maximum of a list """
    if len(L) == 0:
        return None
    
    minimum = min(L)
    maximum = max(L)
    average = sum(L) / len(L)
    
    return minimum, average, maximum

a, b, c = min_avg_max([1,4,6,8,5,6,3,5,4,2,3,99])
print(a,b,c)
    
        
#%% Tuples play an important role in dictionaries (LATER)

# << Coming soon >>





#%%   Lists of lists

# Lists can store anything, including other lists
# The elements don't have to be the same type

L = [1, 2, "hello", True, ['a', 'b', 'c']]

len(L)

#%% A 4 x 3 array:  3 sublists each of length 3

groceries = [['apples', 6, 0.99],
             ['milk', 1, 1.49],
             ['break', 2, 3.50]]

groceries[1]
groceries[1][0]


#%% named parameters.  Parameters can be explicitely named
# when calling a function.  This can help make your code more
# readable in some cases.  Matplotlib does this all the time.

def calc(x, y):
    return 2 * x + y

calc(1, 2)
calc(x = 1, y = 2)
calc(y = 2, x = 1)  # listing parameters in a different order!


#%% optional parameters
# In this example, e is optional.  The default value, 2, is used
# if we don't provide a second parameter

def pow(x, e=2):
    return x ** e

pow(3)
pow(3, 3)


#%% Let's put it all together

def total_bill(grocery_list, sales_tax = 0.0):
    total = 0.0
    for item in range(len(grocery_list)):
        total += grocery_list[item][1] * grocery_list[item][2]
    
    # add sales tax
    total += total * (1 + sales_tax)
    return round(total, 2)

total_bill(groceries, sales_tax = 0.07)
        
        
#%% A multiplication table
# True story: in Vermont they only teach you up to 10x10.
# Don't ask me what 12x8 is.  I have no idea.  Kidding I know.
# But I have to think about it.....

# Create a 13 x 13 table.   
# 13 lists each containing 13 elements

MT = []
for i in range(13):
    MT.append([])  # Start a new row
    for j in range(13):
        MT[i].append(i * j)
        
print(MT[12][8])

for row in MT:
    print(row)

    
    
#%% Cool patterns

# Create a 500 x 500 table.   
# 13 lists each containing 13 elements

WIDTH = 500
LENGTH = 500

pat = []

for i in range(WIDTH):
    pat.append([])  # Start a new row
    for j in range(LENGTH):
        pat[i].append((i * i - j*j) % 207)  # Can you come up with
                                           # an interesting patter?
        


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(5,5), dpi=200)
plt.imshow(pat, cmap='Spectral')
plt.savefig('pattern.png')