"""

John Rachlin
DS 2000: Intro to Programming with Data

Filename: list_fundamentals.py
    
Description: The fundamental things everyone needs
to know about lists

    
"""


#%% Lists are a way of collecting data together under
# one variable

primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

words = ['to', 'be', 'or', 'not', 'to', 'be']

# Lists can contain one or more data types
# There is an implied ordering (position)
# STARTING AT ZERO!


#%% Indexing lists - fetching a particular value
words[0]
primes[0]

# But watch out!

primes[6]

#%%  Sum simple functions on lists

len(primes)
sum(primes)
min(primes)
max(primes)

#%%

2+2

#%% Some useful methods on lists

primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]
primes.append(17)
primes.append(19)
primes


words.sort()
primes.sort(reverse=True)
words
primes

#%% Splitting

phrase = "Hello! How are you? I am fine! Goodbye"
words = phrase.split(" ")
words


#Example 2
line = "Smith,6175551234,88,3.14\n"
vals = line.split(",")
vals

#%% Negative indexing

# First word
words[0]

# Last word
words[-1]

# Second word
words[1]

# Second to the last word
words[-2]

#%% Testing if something is in a list

2 in primes
4 in primes

#%% Initialize an empty list

empty = []
len(empty)

#%% Initialize 13 counters (0 to 12)

outcomes = [0] * 13
outcomes

#%% Let's roll some dice

import random as rnd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

n = 100000
counter = 0
outcomes = [0] * 13

while counter < n:
    roll = rnd.randint(1,6) + rnd.randint(1,6) 
    outcomes[roll] += 1
    counter += 1
    
# Barcharts!

plt.bar(range(0,13), outcomes)
#plt.scatter(range(0,13), outcomes, marker='x')