#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Felix Muzny
10/4/2022
DS 2000
Lecture 8 - for loops (part 2), functions

Logistics:
    - HW 4 & Quiz 4 are available now
    -> make sure your computer wasn't extra smart and 
    renamed your .csv files for HW 4
    -> if it did, rename it to end with .csv
    -> we've seen this happen mostly for mac users with
    your computer appending ".numbers" to the end of the 
    file name
       
    - Expect HW 3 grades *on Tuesday*
    -> we're re-designing the rubrics in Gradescope to make them
    easier for you all to interpret. We're still grading for the
    same things, just working to increase readability for you 
    all. Thank you for your patience here!
  
    - remote attendance (https://bit.ly/remote-ds2000-muzny)
    
 Three ways to participate (please do one of these!)
 1) via the PollEverywhere website: https://pollev.com/muzny
 2) via text: text "muzny" to the number 22333 to join the session
 3) via Poll Everywhere app (available for iOS or Android)
    

Warm-up 1 - lists
---

What does the following print?

"""
print("warm-up 1")
#     0  1  2  3  4  5
ls = [4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 5]
# what does count do?
# asking the list stored at ls how many times 5 occurs
mystery = ls.count(5) # 2
# what does index do?
# what is the position (index) of this value
# gives the first occurrence
mystery2 = ls.index(5) # 1
# add to the end of the list
ls.append(mystery + mystery2) # 3
# get the last thing in the list
print(ls[len(ls) - 1])
print()
"""
A. 5
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3 <-----
E. Error



Warm-up 2 - lists
---
What is the output of the following code?

"""
print("warm up 2")
words = "Alice was beginning to get very tired"
# create a list of strings
words = words.split()
# this is unfamiliar!
# resets the value at this index
words[0] = words[0].upper()
print(len(words))  # 7
print(words[0])  # ALICE
print()

"""
A. 1, ALICE
B. 7, Alice
C. 7, ALICE <----
D. 0, TIRED
E. Error
"""


"""
lists: syntax reminders
---
(Deitel & Deitel 5.2)

# create a list
ls = [3, 2]

# append a value to the end of a list
ls.append(4)

# access a value at a certain index
print(ls[1])

# change a value at a certain index
ls[1] = 1000

ls[1] = ls[1] + -999

# these two are equivalent
ls[1] = ls[1] + 1
ls[1] += 1

# there are many useful list functions that you are welcome to use
# https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists
"""

"""
for loops: what we rememember
---
(Deitel & Deitel 3.8)

for repeating code (just like while loops)

for variable_name in list:
    # secret code advances the variable
    # code

"""

for num in [3, 6, 7]:
    # num = next value in the list
    print(num)
    
animals = ["cat", "dog", "bat", "alligator"]
for animal in animals:
    print(animal)

print()    

# with while loops we started with counting
count = 0
while count < 4:
    print(count)
    count += 1

for num in [0, 1, 2, 3]:
    # num = next value in the list
    print(num)

"""
Lists + indexing + loops
---

For certain repetitive tasks over lists, 
we *need* index information.

If:
    - you are editing the contents of a list
        ls[index] = .....
    - you are doing a task based on the position of
    the item in the list
    (- you are creating a list of a certain length)
    
In this case, we'll use a for loop that looks different
but that is actually the same of the for loops we've 
seen so far.
"""
print()
print("for i in range")
# i stands for index
# range is going to generate a list from 0 -> num 
# given - 1 (exclusive)
for i in range(10):
    print(i)
print()

print(animals)
for i in range(len(animals)):
    print(animals[i])
    animals[i] = animals[i].upper()
    
print(animals)

# for vs. while loops
# ----
# while loops can do anything (repeating code)
# you don't need to know how many times the code will
# repeat before it runs
# for loops you must know how many times it
# will repeat in advance

import random

for i in range(random.randint(1, 10)):
    print("yay!")
    

"""
for i in range(num)
---

range(end) (MOST COMMON) -> 0 to end - 1
range(start, end) -> start to end - 1
range(start, end, step) -> start to end - 1 w/ increment
                        of size step
"""

# example problem looping over a list w/ indexes


"""
strings & indexing
---
string indexing works the same as list indexing

name = "Felix"
print(name[0]) # F
print(len(name)) # 5

except:
name[0] = "B" # ERROR
"""

# example problem looping over a string w/ indexes


"""
~*~**~*~**~*~*~*~**~*~*~**~*~**~*~**~*~**~*~*~**~*~*~*~~~
"""

"""
Functions
---
(Deitel & Deitel 4.1 - 4.3)

1) memory  (variables)
2) re-using code (functions, built-in and custom)
3) branching (conditionals)
4) repetition (loops)
    
Functions are going to:
    - make our programs "modular"
    - do one job and do that job well
    - typically, functions will either calculate OR
        display information
"""


"""
Example function
---
Write a function, hello, that takes no parameters and
prints an intro to DS 2000 message.

def function_name():
    # code
    
# to call the function
function_name()
"""
def hello():
    print("Hello!")
    print("We love the afternoon")
    print()
    
hello()
hello()
hello()

"""
Functions with parameters
---

parameters/arguments: the information being passed into
            the function (the inputs)

def function_name(parameters, separated, by, commas):
    # code
    
# to call the function
function_name(values, matching, in, number)
"""

"""
Example function
---
Write a function, hello_user, that takes the user's 
name as a parameter and prints a personalized
introduction to DS 2000 to that user.
"""

def hello_user(name):
    # name = first value passed to the function
    print("Hello!", name)
    print("We love the afternoon")
    print()
    
hello_user("Felix")
hello_user("Kim")

"""
Always the same task, but flexible about inputs
---

A long time ago, we wrote the following code:
    
celcius = input("what temp? (c) ")
celcius = float(celcius)
fahrenheit = ((9 / 5) * celcius) + 32
print("Fahrenheit", fahrenheit)

Now, let's translate this into a function
"""

def convert_c(celcius):
    fahrenheit = ((9 / 5) * celcius) + 32
    print("Fahrenheit", fahrenheit)

# the value 20 gets passed in as the parameter "celcius"
convert_c(20)
convert_c(60)

"""
Functions with return values
---

return values: output, what the function calculates
    
    
def function_name(parameters, separated, by, commas):
    # code
    return value
    
# to call the function
answer = function_name(values, matching, in, number)
"""

"""
Updating our celcius function
---
"""
def convert_c_return(celcius):
    fahrenheit = ((9 / 5) * celcius) + 32
    # returns the VALUE of the variable fahrenheit
    return fahrenheit

# now this works really similarly to the built-in
# functions like round()
f_answer = convert_c_return(-46)
print("Fancy formatting:", f_answer)

"""
Next time:
    - functions, part 2
    - writing a full program with functions
    - while we also read from file(s)
    - and deal with data weirdnesses
    - and where is our data coming from?
"""