#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Felix Muzny
9/13/2022
DS 2000
Lecture 2 - print, input, type casting, round

Logistics:
    - Your first due dates will be on Friday (9/16)!
    - Quiz 1 (will be released today @ 4:30pm, due Friday @ 9:50 AM)
    - Homework 1 (due Friday @ 9pm)
    
    
 Three ways to participate (please do one of these!)
 1) via the PollEverywhere website: https://pollev.com/muzny
 2) via text: text "muzny" to the number 22333 to join the session
 3) via Poll Everywhere app (available for iOS or Android)

Warm-up
---

Question: What is the value of the variable "x" at the end of 
the following lines of code?

x = 10       # create the variable x, store the value 10 in it
x = 10 * 2   # update the value in the variable x to 20
x = x + 10   # look up the value of x (20), add 10, then
                # store that new value in x
print(x)

A. 10
B. 20
C. 30  < -----
D. 40
E. Error 
"""

"""
Warm-up
---
(Deitel & Deitel 2.3)

Question: What does the ** operator do?

A. multiply but only for decimal numbers
B. multiply by 10 (raise to the power of 10)
C. calculate an exponent  <-----
D. calculate a logarithmic (log) power
E. calculate a remainder


To explore on your own:
// - double divide
% - modulus
"""
# print("this is the first line")
# print() # blank line
# print("this is the second line")


"""
review: python "commands"
----

Last lecture: we learned about using the print() 
command to display information to the user. print() is 
actually a kind of python *function*.

function: a pre-packaged group code that does one job
for you. python provides a number of very useful functions.

syntax: in python, functions *always* are used by writing
the function name and then a set of parentheses ()

In general, to use a function, you need to know three things:
    
    1. Does this function give me any information back?
    2. what is this function's name?
    3. what information does this function need to run?

For print():
    
    1. Does this function give me any information back?
        - no!
    2. what is this function's name?
        - print
    3. what information does this function need to run?
        - thing(s) to print
        - arguments/parameter
    
Vocabulary:
    - function
    - arguments/parameters
"""

"""
Getting fancy with print()
----
(Deitel & Deitel 2.4)

To print multiple pieces of information on the same line,
we can pass multiple parameters to the print() function.
"""

# print() examples
print("I have a pet cat", "her name is Choux")
dogs = 3
print("Number of dogs:", dogs)

print("cat", "dog")  # pass two arguments to print
print("cat" + "dog") # pass one argument


"""
input()
----
(Deitel & Deitel 2.6)

input() is a python *function*. Its job is to get information
from the user.

Let's answer the three function questions first:
    
    1. Does this function give me any information back?
        - yes! the user's response to the prompt
        - return/return value
    2. what is this function's name?
        - input
    3. what information does this function need to run?
        - a string prompt
    
Vocabulary:
    - return/return value
"""

# input() examples
name = input("what is your name? ")
print("Welcome", name)
# the type() function tells us what type
# of value is stored in a variable
print(type(name))

celcius = input("what temp? (c) ")
print(celcius)
print(type(celcius))
celcius = float(celcius)
print(type(celcius))
# error because celcius is a string
# if we don't convert it to int or float
fahrenheit = ((9 / 5) * celcius) + 32
print("Fahrenheit", fahrenheit)

"""
Question: What is the data type of celcius
after the following lines of code?

A. number
B. string <----
C. something else
"""

"""
data types
----

all *values* in python have a *data type*

string: any sequence of letters
"they can go between double quotes"
'12367.786 is a number'
"Felix's cat is named Choux"
    
int: integer, any whole number (neg or pos)
    
float: decimals, can be neg or pos
    
There are others, but these are the ones that we'll focus on
for now!
"""


"""
type conversion (casting)
----

string, int, and float all have special python functions that 
convert values of a different type into the target type.

For example, we have an int() function:
    
    1. Does this function give me any information back?
        - yes! the target value as the new type
    2. what is this function's name?
        - int (also float and str)
    3. what information does this function need to run?
        - the target value to convert

"""

# int() examples
celcius = "20"
print(celcius)
print(type(celcius))
num_celcius = int(celcius)
print(num_celcius)
print(type(num_celcius))
print()
print(celcius)
print(type(celcius))  # str

# common pattern, using str() 
# as an example
x = 57
x = str(x)

# float()
height = "67.23"
height = float(height)


"""
input() + types
---
input ALWAYS returns a string

"""



"""
Example problems from last Friday!
"""

"""
Example problem 1:

Write a program that asks the user how old they are, then 
prints this number out.
"""
print("age example")
age = input("how old are you? ")
print("Your age:")
print(age)
print()


"""
Example problem 2:

Write a program that asks the user how many apples they would 
like to eat each day, then calculates how many apples they should
buy per week.
"""
print("apples per day example")
apples_per_day = int(input("apples per day? "))
# if you don't immediately cast the input to an int
#apples_per_day = int(apples_per_day)
apples_per_week = apples_per_day * 7
print("you should buy:")
print(apples_per_week)


"""
round()
---

A python function that rounds decimal numbers

1. Does this function give me any information back?
    - yes, the rounded version of the provided target number
2. what is this function's name?
    - round
3. what information does this function need to run?
    - a target number
    - a number of decimal places to round to (default is 0)

"""


"""
Summary (very brief)
---
Functions to be familiar with:
    - print()
    - input()
    - int()
    - float()
    - str()
    - round()
    
We also learned some more vocabulary:
    - function
    - parameter/argument
    - return/return value
"""