#create a basic dictionary for a publication
def createPublication(type):
    """This function creates a dictionary that represents a generic publication. It has only one key called "type" """
    publication = {'type':type}
    return publication
    
#check if the given parameter is a valid book
def isBook(pub):
    return (type(pub) is dict) and ('type' in pub) and (pub['type'] == "book") and ('title' in pub) and ('author' in pub) and ('publisher' in pub) and ('location' in pub) and ('year' in pub)

#create a dictionary that represents a book
def createBook(title,author,publisher,location,year):
    """This function takes in the various attributes for a book and returns a dictionary with keys title, author, publisher, location, year with their respective values equal to whatever was passed to this function. It also has a key called "type" that has the value "book" """
    record = createPublication("book")
    record['title'] = title 
    record['author'] = author
    record['publisher'] = publisher
    record['location'] = location
    record['year'] = year
    return record

#create a dictionary that represents a journal article
def createArticle(title,author,journalName,volume,issue,year):
    """This function takes in the various attributes for a journal article and returns a dictionary with keys title, author, journalName, volume, issue, year with their respective values equal to whatever was passed to this function. It also has a key called "type" that has the value "article" """
    
    record = createPublication("article")
    record['title'] = title
    record['author'] = author
    record['journalName'] = journalName
    record['volume'] = volume
    record['issue'] = issue
    record['year'] = year
    return record
    
#check if the given parameter is a valid journal article
def isArticle(pub):
    return (type(pub) is dict) and ('type' in pub) and (pub['type'] == "article") and ('title' in pub) and ('author' in pub) and ('journalName' in pub) and ('volume' in pub) and ('issue' in pub) and ('year' in pub)
    
#create a dictionary that represents a webpage
def createWebpage(title,url,date):
    """This function takes in the various attributes for a web page and returns a dictionary with keys title, url, date with their respective values equal to whatever was passed to this function. It also has a key called "type" that has the value "webpage" """
    record = createPublication("webpage")
    record['title'] = title
    record['url'] = url
    record['date'] = date
    return record

#check if the given parameter is a valid web page
def isWebpage(pub):
    return (type(pub) is dict) and ('type' in pub) and (pub['type'] == "webpage") and ('title' in pub) and ('url' in pub) and ('date' in pub)

        
#create an instance that represents the famous book "Midnight's Children"        
rushdie = createBook("Midnight's Children","Salman Rushdie","Jonathan Cape","London",1980)

#create an instance that represents a journal article by Turing
turing = createArticle("Computing machinery and intelligence","A. M. Turing", "Mind", 59, 236, 1950)

#create an instance that represents a web page
ccis = createWebpage("CCIS at Northeastern University","https://www.ccis.northeastern.edu/","10th August 2018")

#function that creates a formatted string for a publication that conforms to the APA style. This function determines what type of publication is passed, and acts accordingly
def citeApa(pub):
    if (isBook(pub)):
        return "{} ({}). {}. {}: {}.".format(pub['author'],pub['year'],pub['title'],pub['location'],pub['publisher'])
    elif (isArticle(pub)):
        return "{} ({}). {}. {}, {}({}).".format(pub['author'], pub['year'], pub['title'], pub['journalName'], pub['volume'], pub['issue'])
    elif (isWebpage(pub)):
        return "{}. Retrieved {}, from {}.".format(pub['title'], pub['date'], pub['url'])
    raise ValueError("Not a valid publication")
    
#function that creates a formatted string for a publication that conforms to the MLA style. This function determines what type of publication is passed, and acts accordingly    
def citeMla(pub):
    if (isBook(pub)):
        return "{}. {}. {}: {}, {}.".format(pub['author'], pub['title'], pub['location'], pub['publisher'], pub['year'])
    elif (isArticle(pub)):
        return "{}. \"{}.\" {} {}.{} ({}).".format(pub['author'], pub['title'], pub['journalName'],pub['volume'], pub['issue'], pub['year'])
    elif (isWebpage(pub)):
        return "\"{}.\" Web. {} <{}>.".format(pub['title'], pub['date'], pub['url'])
    raise ValueError("Not a valid publication")

############### tests ###################

#tests for publications defined in a non-OO manner

import unittest

class PublicationTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        #create an instance that represents the famous book "Midnight's Children"        
        rushdie = createBook("Midnight's Children","Salman Rushdie","Jonathan Cape","London",1980)

        #create an instance that represents a journal article by Turing
        turing = createArticle("Computing machinery and intelligence","A. M. Turing", "Mind", 59, 236, 1950)

        #create an instance that represents a web page
        ccis = createWebpage("CCIS at Northeastern University","https://www.ccis.northeastern.edu/","10th August 2018")
        
    def test_citeApa(self):
        self.assertEquals("Salman Rushdie (1980). Midnight's Children. London: Jonathan Cape.",citeApa(rushdie))

        self.assertEquals("A. M. Turing (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59(236).",citeApa(turing))

        self.assertEquals("CCIS at Northeastern University. Retrieved 10th August 2018, from https://www.ccis.northeastern.edu/.",citeApa(ccis))
        
    def test_citeMla(self):
        self.assertEquals("Salman Rushdie. Midnight's Children. London: Jonathan Cape, 1980.",citeMla(rushdie))

        self.assertEquals("A. M. Turing. \"Computing machinery and intelligence.\" Mind 59.236 (1950).",citeMla(turing))
        
        self.assertEquals("\"CCIS at Northeastern University.\" Web. 10th August 2018 <https://www.ccis.northeastern.edu/>.",citeMla(ccis))
        
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(PublicationTests)
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)