|
|
|
|
|
A computer is a general-purpose machine that
processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored
internally either temporarily or permanently. |
|
Hardware:The computer and all equipment attached
to it are called hardware. |
|
Software: The instructions that tell the
computer what to do are called software. |
|
Program: A set of instructions that perform a particular
task is called a program |
|
|
|
|
The
instructions in the program direct the computer to |
|
Input, |
|
Process, |
|
Generate required output. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The computer's ability to call in instructions
and follow them is known as the stored program concept. |
|
|
|
Instructions are copied into memory from a disk,
tape or other source before any data can be processed. |
|
Then instructions are copied from memory into
control unit circuit and matches against the built-in set of instructions. |
|
If the instruction is valid, the processor
carries it out. If not, the computer comes to an abnormal end. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The software that does the housekeeping for your
computer: |
|
– Maintains your files |
|
– finds files |
|
– copies files |
|
– deletes files |
|
– formats disks, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DOS |
|
UNIX |
|
Windows
(95, 98, NT, CE) |
|
– all of these are soon to be renamed Windows 2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DOS |
|
• DOS--Disk Operating
System |
|
• One of the oldest
operating systems |
|
• Command language
interface |
|
UNIX (Solaris) |
|
• Very large |
|
• Has many built-in
programs |
|
• Used on high-end
computational systems |
|
• Command language
interface |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Used by most computers in the world |
|
|
|
Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
|
|
|
The name comes from the boxes that are used to
display information. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
•Windows 95 and 98 |
|
– used mainly on standalone
computers |
|
•Windows NT |
|
– used on networked computers |
|
•Windows CE |
|
– used on palm tops and notebooks |
|
•Windows 2000 |
|
– the next version of Windows |
|
|
|
|
|
Hardware |
|
CPU (Central Processing Unit) |
|
Input/Output (Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor…) |
|
Memory(ROM & RAM) |
|
Storage (Disk, CD-ROM, Tapes…) |
|
Software |
|
System software (OS) |
|
Application Software (MS Office suite) |
|
|
|
|
|
Writing source code (source program) |
|
Text editor (Notepad, VC++ IDE) |
|
test.cpp |
|
Compiling (object program) |
|
Compiler to translate source code to machine
language |
|
test.obj |
|
Linking (Executable program) |
|
Linker to combine object files and library files
so that they can be executed as a unit |
|
test.exe |
|
Loading and Executing |
|
Loader to load .exe file into memory and be
executed |
|
Notes